| Prehistoric Topolnica (Promachonas) |
 |  |  |  |  |
© 2009 International Institute of Anthropology
© 2009 Lolita Nikolova, PhD
Created: 8-30-09.
Last updated: 8-30-09.
© 2009 Lolita Nikolova, PhD
Created: 8-30-09.
Last updated: 8-30-09.
External links
Websites
Serres Archaeological Museum
Foundation of the Hellenic World. http://www.fhw.gr/chronos/01/en/gallery/nl/proma.html
Map
Topolnica (external link)
Discovery
By the team of M. Domaradzki and first shards published in 1983 by Lilyana Perniceva. The last author was not involved in the excavations
started by Henrieta Todorova in 1981 (In the Struma Symposium there are three years that are candidates for the beginning of the
Bulgarian excavations - 1980, 1981 and 1983).
Excavations
Bulgarian (1981?-1991) and Greek excavations (1992-2003). Henrieta Todorova, Yavor Boyadzhiev, Ivan Vajsov, Chaido Koukouli-
Chryssanthaki, etc.
Stratigraphy
Topolonica
phase I - No publish material for chronological conclusions. It may in fact be phase II.
phase II. Late Neolithic. Most probably a variant of Vinča culture.
phase III. Early Copper Age.
phase IV. Early Copper Age. This phase is known by fragmented surface material. No pottery from closed stratigraphic complex. Dikili Tash
- Slatino - Gradeshnica complex.
(cp. Koukouli-Chryssanthaki et al. 2007, Vajsov 2007).
Bibliography
Antonović, D. (2006). Malachite finds in Vinča culture: Evidence of Early Copper Metallurgy in Serbia. Association of metallurgical engineers
of Serbia, 12, 2-3. Retrieved from http://metalurgija.org.rs/mjom/vol12/No%202-3/1Antonovic.pdf
Archaeological Museum (online). Archaeological Museum [Serres]. http://www.serres.gr/tourism/files_en/arxaiologiko.htm
Bassiakos, Yannis, Zacharias, Nick, Irene Kotzamanidi, Irene (Online). Research Project: Ancient Metals & Geoarchaeology Studies at the
Lab. of Archaeomertry, Institute of Materials Science (IMS).
http://www.demokritos.gr/parousiaseis/MPASSIAKOS_140705.pdf.
Bojadziev, J. (2007). Absolute chronology of the Neolithic and Eneolithic cultures in the valley of Struma. In , H. Todorova, M. Stefanovich, &
G. Ivanov (Eds.), The Struma/Strymon River Valley in Prehistory. Proceedings of the International Symposium Strymon Praehistoricus
Kjustendil-Blagoevgrad-Serres-Amphilpolis, 27.09-01.10.2004 (pp. 309-316). Sofia: Gerda Henkel Stiftung & Museum of History,
Kyustendil.
Grammenos, Dimitrios. (2006). Conclusions from the rescue excavations at the Neolithic settlement of Stavroupoli, Thessaloniki. Analele
Banatului, S.N., 14, 1, 113-128. http://www.muzeulbanatului.ro/istorie/publicatii/analele_banatului_2006/vol1/08a%20grammenos.pdf
Kilikoglou, V., Grimanis, A.P., Tsolakidou, A., Hein, A., Malamidou, D., Tsirtsoni, Z. (2007). Neutron activation patterning of archaeological
materials at the National center for scientific research "Demoktritos". The case of black-on-red Neolithic pottery from Macedonia, Greece.
Archaeometry, 49, 2, 301-319.
Koukouli-Chryssanthaki, Chaido, Todorova, Henrieta, Aslanis, Ian, Vajsov, Ivan & Valla, Magdalene (2007). Promachon-Topolnita. A Greek-
Bulgarian archaeological project. In H. Todorova, M. Stefanovich, & G. Ivanov (Eds.), The Struma/Strymon River Valley in Prehistory.
Proceedings of the International Symposium Strymon Praehistoricus Kjustendil-Blagoevgrad-Serres-Amphilpolis, 27.09-01.10.2004 (pp.
43-78). Sofia: Gerda Henkel Stiftung & Museum of History, Kyustendil.
Neolithic Vinca was a metallurgical culture (2007). Neolithic Vinca was a metallurgical culture.
http://www.stonepages.com/news/archives/002605.html
Roberts, Ben. (online). Metallurgical Networks and Technological Choice: understanding early metal in Western Europe.
http://www.britishmuseum.org/pdf/Ben%20Roberts%20Western%20Europe.pdf
Šljivar, D. (2006). The earliest copper metallurgy in the Central Balkans. Association of metallurgical engineers of Serbia, 12, 2-3.
Retrieved from http://metalurgija.org.rs/mjom/vol12/No%202-3/2Sljivar.pdf
Souvatzi S. (2008). A Social Archaeology of Households in Neolithic Greece : An Anthropological Approach. Cambridge University Press.
Cambridge.
Stavrakeva, D. (2008). Chemical and petrographical characteristics of pottery fragments from the Neolithic and Chalcolithic site
Bulgarchevo, Blagoevgrad Region. In R. I. Kostov, B. Gaydarska, M. Gurova (Eds.), Geoarchaeology and Archaeomineralogy. Proceedings
of the International Conference, 29-30 October 2008 (pp. 55-59). Sofia: Publishing House “St. Ivan Rilski”.
The Vinča culture (online). The Vinča culture. http://www.culture.gouv.fr/culture/arcnat/harsova/en/balk6.htm
Tsirtsoni, Zoï (2000). Les poteries du début du Néolithique Récent en Macédoine, I. Les types de récipients. Bulletin de correspondance
hellénique, 124, 1, 1 - 55.
Vajsov, Ivan. (2007). Promachon-Topolnica. A typology of painted decorations and its use as chronological marker. H. Todorova, M.
Stefanovich, & G. Ivanov (Eds.), The Struma/Strymon River Valley in Prehistory. Proceedings of the International Symposium Strymon
Praehistoricus Kjustendil-Blagoevgrad-Serres-Amphilpolis, 27.09-01.10.2004 (pp. 79-120). Sofia: Gerda Henkel Stiftung & Museum of
History, Kyustendil.
Voinea, Valentina, & Neagu, George. (2006). Începutul eneoliticului în Dobrogea: între prejudecăţi şi certitudini. Studii de Preistorie, 3, 149-
161. (Online)
Literature about some problems discussed in contexts of Topolnitsa excavations
Полезни изкопаеми на България
http://www.zapiski.info/view.php?id=595
Смолян
http://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%BD
Регионален исторически музей, Кърджали
http://www.kardjali.bg/?pid=6,12
Websites
Serres Archaeological Museum
Foundation of the Hellenic World. http://www.fhw.gr/chronos/01/en/gallery/nl/proma.html
Map
Topolnica (external link)
Discovery
By the team of M. Domaradzki and first shards published in 1983 by Lilyana Perniceva. The last author was not involved in the excavations
started by Henrieta Todorova in 1981 (In the Struma Symposium there are three years that are candidates for the beginning of the
Bulgarian excavations - 1980, 1981 and 1983).
Excavations
Bulgarian (1981?-1991) and Greek excavations (1992-2003). Henrieta Todorova, Yavor Boyadzhiev, Ivan Vajsov, Chaido Koukouli-
Chryssanthaki, etc.
Stratigraphy
Topolonica
phase I - No publish material for chronological conclusions. It may in fact be phase II.
phase II. Late Neolithic. Most probably a variant of Vinča culture.
phase III. Early Copper Age.
phase IV. Early Copper Age. This phase is known by fragmented surface material. No pottery from closed stratigraphic complex. Dikili Tash
- Slatino - Gradeshnica complex.
(cp. Koukouli-Chryssanthaki et al. 2007, Vajsov 2007).
Bibliography
Antonović, D. (2006). Malachite finds in Vinča culture: Evidence of Early Copper Metallurgy in Serbia. Association of metallurgical engineers
of Serbia, 12, 2-3. Retrieved from http://metalurgija.org.rs/mjom/vol12/No%202-3/1Antonovic.pdf
Archaeological Museum (online). Archaeological Museum [Serres]. http://www.serres.gr/tourism/files_en/arxaiologiko.htm
Bassiakos, Yannis, Zacharias, Nick, Irene Kotzamanidi, Irene (Online). Research Project: Ancient Metals & Geoarchaeology Studies at the
Lab. of Archaeomertry, Institute of Materials Science (IMS).
http://www.demokritos.gr/parousiaseis/MPASSIAKOS_140705.pdf.
Bojadziev, J. (2007). Absolute chronology of the Neolithic and Eneolithic cultures in the valley of Struma. In , H. Todorova, M. Stefanovich, &
G. Ivanov (Eds.), The Struma/Strymon River Valley in Prehistory. Proceedings of the International Symposium Strymon Praehistoricus
Kjustendil-Blagoevgrad-Serres-Amphilpolis, 27.09-01.10.2004 (pp. 309-316). Sofia: Gerda Henkel Stiftung & Museum of History,
Kyustendil.
Grammenos, Dimitrios. (2006). Conclusions from the rescue excavations at the Neolithic settlement of Stavroupoli, Thessaloniki. Analele
Banatului, S.N., 14, 1, 113-128. http://www.muzeulbanatului.ro/istorie/publicatii/analele_banatului_2006/vol1/08a%20grammenos.pdf
Kilikoglou, V., Grimanis, A.P., Tsolakidou, A., Hein, A., Malamidou, D., Tsirtsoni, Z. (2007). Neutron activation patterning of archaeological
materials at the National center for scientific research "Demoktritos". The case of black-on-red Neolithic pottery from Macedonia, Greece.
Archaeometry, 49, 2, 301-319.
Koukouli-Chryssanthaki, Chaido, Todorova, Henrieta, Aslanis, Ian, Vajsov, Ivan & Valla, Magdalene (2007). Promachon-Topolnita. A Greek-
Bulgarian archaeological project. In H. Todorova, M. Stefanovich, & G. Ivanov (Eds.), The Struma/Strymon River Valley in Prehistory.
Proceedings of the International Symposium Strymon Praehistoricus Kjustendil-Blagoevgrad-Serres-Amphilpolis, 27.09-01.10.2004 (pp.
43-78). Sofia: Gerda Henkel Stiftung & Museum of History, Kyustendil.
Neolithic Vinca was a metallurgical culture (2007). Neolithic Vinca was a metallurgical culture.
http://www.stonepages.com/news/archives/002605.html
Roberts, Ben. (online). Metallurgical Networks and Technological Choice: understanding early metal in Western Europe.
http://www.britishmuseum.org/pdf/Ben%20Roberts%20Western%20Europe.pdf
Šljivar, D. (2006). The earliest copper metallurgy in the Central Balkans. Association of metallurgical engineers of Serbia, 12, 2-3.
Retrieved from http://metalurgija.org.rs/mjom/vol12/No%202-3/2Sljivar.pdf
Souvatzi S. (2008). A Social Archaeology of Households in Neolithic Greece : An Anthropological Approach. Cambridge University Press.
Cambridge.
Stavrakeva, D. (2008). Chemical and petrographical characteristics of pottery fragments from the Neolithic and Chalcolithic site
Bulgarchevo, Blagoevgrad Region. In R. I. Kostov, B. Gaydarska, M. Gurova (Eds.), Geoarchaeology and Archaeomineralogy. Proceedings
of the International Conference, 29-30 October 2008 (pp. 55-59). Sofia: Publishing House “St. Ivan Rilski”.
The Vinča culture (online). The Vinča culture. http://www.culture.gouv.fr/culture/arcnat/harsova/en/balk6.htm
Tsirtsoni, Zoï (2000). Les poteries du début du Néolithique Récent en Macédoine, I. Les types de récipients. Bulletin de correspondance
hellénique, 124, 1, 1 - 55.
Vajsov, Ivan. (2007). Promachon-Topolnica. A typology of painted decorations and its use as chronological marker. H. Todorova, M.
Stefanovich, & G. Ivanov (Eds.), The Struma/Strymon River Valley in Prehistory. Proceedings of the International Symposium Strymon
Praehistoricus Kjustendil-Blagoevgrad-Serres-Amphilpolis, 27.09-01.10.2004 (pp. 79-120). Sofia: Gerda Henkel Stiftung & Museum of
History, Kyustendil.
Voinea, Valentina, & Neagu, George. (2006). Începutul eneoliticului în Dobrogea: între prejudecăţi şi certitudini. Studii de Preistorie, 3, 149-
161. (Online)
Literature about some problems discussed in contexts of Topolnitsa excavations
Полезни изкопаеми на България
http://www.zapiski.info/view.php?id=595
Смолян
http://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%BD
Регионален исторически музей, Кърджали
http://www.kardjali.bg/?pid=6,12
| Archaeological finds from Promachon (Topolnica). Serres Archaeological museum, Greece. Early Copper Age. |