Copyright © 2002-2005 Lolita Nikolova, Ph.D.
http://www.iianthropology.org/bibliography (2000-20005)
http://www.iianthropology.org/biblio9599 (1995-1999)
http://www.iianthropology.org/biblio7094 (1970-1994)
Nikolova, Lolita. The Balkans in Later Prehistory. BAR. Oxford. BAR International Series 791
Early Neolithic (later 7th - mid sixth millennium Cal BC) (abt 6300-5500 Cal BC)
Late Neolithic (abt mid 6th - end of 6th millennium Cal BC) (abt 5500 - 5000/4900 Cal BC)
Early Copper Age (abt beginning of the 5th millennium - mid 5th millennium Cal BC) (5000/4900 Cal BC - abt 4500 Cal BC)
Late Copper Age (mid 5th millennium Cal BC - end of 5th millennium Cal BC) (abt 4500 Cal BC - 4000/3900 Cal BC)
Final Copper Age (abt beginning of the 4th millennium Cal BC - abt mid 4th millennium Cal BC) (abt 4000/3900 - 3600 Cal BC)
Early Bronze Age I (abt mid 4th millennium Cal BC - end of 4th millennium Cal BC) (abt 3600 - 3000 Cal BC)
Early Bronze Age II (the beginning of the 3rd millennium Cal BC - abt mid 3rd millennium Cal BC) ( abt 3000 Cal BC - abt 2500/2400 Cal BC)
Early Bronze III (abt mid 3rd millennium Cal BC - and the end of the 3rd millennium Cal BC) (abt 2500/2400 Cal BC - abt 2000 Cal BC)
Middle Bronze Age (abt the beginning of the 2nd millennium Cal BC - abt mid 2nd millennium Cal BC) (abt 2000/1900 Cal BC - abt 1500 Cal BC)
Late Bronze Age (abt mid 2nd millennium Cal BC - abt end of the 2nd millennium Cal BC) (abt 1500 Cal BC - 1100 Cal BC)
The stratigraphic sequence consists of the following layers: Ia: 2.60-3.10 m (earlier Copper Age?); Ib: 1.70 - 2.60 m (Final Copper Age); II: 0.50 - 1.70. m (Final Copper Age); III: 0.00 - 0.50 m (Early Bronze II).
Cultures: Ib-II: Suplevac - Bakarno Gumno group
Pottery (published): Ib: Graphite ornamented, pointillée in combination with channels; II: Graphite ornamented, pointillée in combination with channels; crusted pottery; III: a plate with thicken rim and incisions, a bowl with triangular ornament.
House stuctures: Ib: A rectangular house.
Burials: II: In "semi-sitting position"
Figurines: II: headless and semi-sitting figurines.
References: Tasi? 1995: 31-32, 111; Nikolova 1999: 27.
Bukri (Macedonia). A tell located 600 m to the south of the village.
Excavations: D. Simoska (1983).
Chronology: Local Eneolithic and Bronze Age.
References: Petrova 1996:25; Nikolova 1999:27.
Chirnogi (Romania). A tell, 100 x 60 m at the base, located at an edge of a river terrace. Copper and Bronze Ages.
Stratigraphic sequence (5.90 m thick cultural layers): I: Boian III-IV (Early Copper Age); II: Gumelnita A1 & A2 (Late Copper Age); III: Cernavoda I (0.40/0.60 m - 0.80/1.00 m), and later layers, including pits that destroyed the Cernavoda I layer.
Pottery (published): III: fragmented; black and tile-red pottery; clay with shell temper and fine clay; false corded ornamentation; "broom dragged" surface; triple plastic buldges.
Excavations: S. Morintz & B. Ionescu (1961; 1967).
References: Nikolova L. 1999: 27; Manzura I. 1999; Roman P. 1992 : Plate 8: 3-6; Morintz S. and Roman P. 1968: 56-62.
Crnobuki (Macedonia). A tell. The tell is located on the Semnica River terrace. The diameter at the base of the tell is 150 m. Final Copper Age.
The stratigraphic sequence includes the following layers: I: 4.29-2.99 m (Final Copper Age); II: 1.80-2.99 m (Final Copper Age): III: 0.89 - 1.80 m (Final Copper Age); IV: 0.00 - 0.89 m (Early Bronze III).
Pottery (published): I: kantharoi, spherical bowls, conical bowls, necked jars, two-handled jugs; channel decoration; spherical bowls with holed high pedestal; II-III: kantharoi, two-handled jugs, spherical bowls, conical bowls, a necked jar; a lid; channel pottery. IV: kantharoi with two high handles; an amphora; a carinated bowl; tunnel handles.
Excavations: V.J. Fewkes (1934); B. Kitanoski, D. Simoska & J. Todorovic (1974).
References: Nikolova L. 1999: 27 and ref. cited there; Simoska D. et al. 1976.
Dikili Tash (Greece). A tell, 250 x 180 m at the base. Neolithic, Copper and Early Bronze Age.
Early Bronze Age: IIIA 16-12: Early Bronze I; IIIB 11-3a/b Early Bronze II; IIIC: Early Bronze III.
Pottery (published): Graphite decoration; IIIA: cups with high handles, channel pottery including carinated bowls; IIIB: encrusted pottery (incised, stamped, pricked; triangular and zigzag motifs).
Specific finds: A spindle whorl with incised signs; "bukrani"; metal beads;
Museum with archaeological finds from this site: Philippi (another link 1)
References: Roque C. et al. 2002; Y. Maniatis & Z. Tsirtsoni 2000; Nikolova L. 1999: 27-28 and ref. cited there; Treul 1991.
Draganesti-Olt - Corboaica (Romania). A tell, ca. 72 m above the see level. Copper and Bronze Age.
Stratigraphic sequence: I (1-4): 2.00 - 2.90 m (Late Copper Age, Gumelnita A2, four house levels); II (5-6): 1.00 - 2.00 m (Late Copper Age, Gumelnita B1); III: 0.50 - 1.00 m (Final Copper Age I, Late Salcuta); IV: 0.00 - 0.40/0.50 m (sherds from Cermavoda III, Cotofeni, Glina, Verbicioara and later periods).
Burials: 9 graves discovered at different depths.
Excavations: M. Nica, C. Schuster, T. Zorzoliu & A. Comsa (1990; 1993-1997).
References: Nikolova 1999: 28; Nica et al. 1995; Comsa 1995; Nica et al. 1994.
Dubene-Sarovka (Bulgaria). A low tell, ca. 80 m diameter at the base, at 315 m above the see level. Late Copper and Early Bronze Age.
Landscape: Lowland between the foothills of the Stara Planina Mountains and the Sredna Gora Mountains. The tell is located on the left terrace of the Stryama River.
Stratigraphy: I: Late Copper Age (Karanovo VI culture); IIA: Early Bronze I (Yunatsite I culture); IIB: Early Bronze II (Yunatsite II culture); IIC: Early Bronze III (Yunatsite III culture).
Pottery: I: Graphite ornamented; II: pottery.
Small finds.
14C dates: 4 dates from Dubene-Sarovka IIA-B.
Archaeomagnetic samples: Dubene-Sarovka IIA-B.
Bronze finds: flange-axe (Fundeni-Dubene type).
Burial: A symbolic burial.
Museum with archaeological finds from this site: Karlovo City Museum.
References: Nikolova 1999 and ref. cited there.
