| Was Indo-European Invasion in the Balkans? by Lolita Nikolova |
Abstract: The Balkans in
Later Prehistory (1999,
BAR International Series
791) is one of the
monographs in which was
in details shown that the
changes in the material
culture during the fourth
millennium cal BCE in the
Balkans are complex and
cannot be related to
invasion from the North
Pontic Steppes.
However, there are still
authors who based their
hypothesis on invasion
theory. Such simplistic
explanation of the changes
in the material culture call
again for consideration of
the archaeological data
and the arguments of the
different authors.
Later Prehistory (1999,
BAR International Series
791) is one of the
monographs in which was
in details shown that the
changes in the material
culture during the fourth
millennium cal BCE in the
Balkans are complex and
cannot be related to
invasion from the North
Pontic Steppes.
However, there are still
authors who based their
hypothesis on invasion
theory. Such simplistic
explanation of the changes
in the material culture call
again for consideration of
the archaeological data
and the arguments of the
different authors.
2009;2014© Lolita Nikolova, PhD.
The Balkans in Later Prehistory (1999, BAR International Series 791) (Nikolova 1999a) is one
of the monographs in which was in details shown that the changes in the material culture
during the fourth millennium cal BCE in the Balkans are complex and cannot be related to
invasion from the North Pontic Steppes.
However, there are still authors who based their hypothesis on invasion theory. Such simplistic
explanation of the changes in the material culture is calling again for consideration of the
archaeological data and the arguments of the different authors.
In this web-based publication we will try to include websites that include invasion theory and will
test it against the updated archaeological records from the Balkans in the context of the
achieved scholar results in "The Balkans in Later Prehistory".
Prehistory at http://www.soros.org.mk/konkurs/076/angver/praistorija.html
"And, from the transitional period between the Neolith (new Stone Age) and the Bronze Age
(Metal Age) in Pelagonia are the findings from Shuplevac - Bakarno Gumno. At that time, the
Indo-European tribes commenced their invasion of the Russian Steppes (Karpate territories),
and through the valley of the river Morava reached Macedonia. In a number of strikes they
even penetrated into Pelagonia, and from that time are the findings from the sites of Karamani,
Crnobuki, Visok Rid (near Bukri), and Visoi (near Novo Zmirnevo)."
Comment: There is no chronological scheme in the cited website, but according to the text, it
seems the I-E invasion is thought for the fourth millennium cal BCE. However, the logic of the
anonymous author cannot be supported by the archaeological data. In earlier fourth
millennium cal BCE in the Morava valley we have documented Salcuta IV culture and this
culture is rooted in the transformed Bubanj-Krivodol-Salcuta complex with string influence of
Hunyadihalom from the Middle Danube Basin.
The European Ethnohistory Database
http://life.bio.sunysb.edu/ee/msr/Ethno/dategen1.html
of the monographs in which was in details shown that the changes in the material culture
during the fourth millennium cal BCE in the Balkans are complex and cannot be related to
invasion from the North Pontic Steppes.
However, there are still authors who based their hypothesis on invasion theory. Such simplistic
explanation of the changes in the material culture is calling again for consideration of the
archaeological data and the arguments of the different authors.
In this web-based publication we will try to include websites that include invasion theory and will
test it against the updated archaeological records from the Balkans in the context of the
achieved scholar results in "The Balkans in Later Prehistory".
Prehistory at http://www.soros.org.mk/konkurs/076/angver/praistorija.html
"And, from the transitional period between the Neolith (new Stone Age) and the Bronze Age
(Metal Age) in Pelagonia are the findings from Shuplevac - Bakarno Gumno. At that time, the
Indo-European tribes commenced their invasion of the Russian Steppes (Karpate territories),
and through the valley of the river Morava reached Macedonia. In a number of strikes they
even penetrated into Pelagonia, and from that time are the findings from the sites of Karamani,
Crnobuki, Visok Rid (near Bukri), and Visoi (near Novo Zmirnevo)."
Comment: There is no chronological scheme in the cited website, but according to the text, it
seems the I-E invasion is thought for the fourth millennium cal BCE. However, the logic of the
anonymous author cannot be supported by the archaeological data. In earlier fourth
millennium cal BCE in the Morava valley we have documented Salcuta IV culture and this
culture is rooted in the transformed Bubanj-Krivodol-Salcuta complex with string influence of
Hunyadihalom from the Middle Danube Basin.
The European Ethnohistory Database
http://life.bio.sunysb.edu/ee/msr/Ethno/dategen1.html
Balkan archaeological finds: